The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Diseases.
Firdevs SakFatma SengulHusamettin VatansevPublished in: Metabolic syndrome and related disorders (2024)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the center of protein folding, also controls the cell's life-and-death signaling mechanisms. ER stress caused by unfolded or misfolded proteins leads to the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the cell. The UPR utilizes three main signaling pathways to restore disrupted ER homeostasis. These signaling pathways are protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, inositol-requiring enzyme 1, and activating transcription factor 6. Studies have reported that ER stress (ERS) plays a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic liver disease. This review will briefly discuss the ERS response in these metabolic diseases.
Keyphrases
- endoplasmic reticulum
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- signaling pathway
- induced apoptosis
- protein kinase
- transcription factor
- single cell
- type diabetes
- cardiovascular disease
- cell therapy
- metabolic syndrome
- insulin resistance
- amino acid
- protein protein
- pi k akt
- weight loss
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- stem cells
- bone marrow
- glycemic control
- mesenchymal stem cells