Potent bioactive metabolites from Olea ferruginea .

Seven known ( 1 - 7 ) and one new compound ( 8 ) were isolated and identified from the stem of Olea ferruginea . The species has been recognised as a new source for six of the known metabolites ( 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , and 7 ). Based on detailed spectroscopic analyses, these compounds were identified as scopoletin ( 1 ), 8-ketosetosterol ( 2 ), (+)-cycloolivil ( 3 ), (+)-africanal ( 4 ), isovanilic acid ( 5 ), hydroxytyrosol acetate ( 6 ), vanillic acid ( 7 ), and cycloolivil A ( 8 ). The crude extracts and purified compounds were analysed for their Leishmanicidal, anti-glycation, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. n-Hexane fraction was found to be the most active (among all the fractions), against Leishmania parasites, exhibiting 97.85% inhibition at 15  μ g/mL. However, none of the extracts showed any significant anti-glycation or anti-cancer potential, all the fractions, except the aqueous layer, displayed moderate to low anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 1 was found to have strong anti-inflammatory activity, exhibiting 96.7% stimulation at 25  μ g/mL.