The Origins of the Dark-Hyperactivity and Negative Peer Relationships, an Objectively Lower Sleep Efficiency, and a Longer Sleep Onset Latency at Age Five Were Associated with Callous-Unemotional Traits and Low Empathy at Age 14.
Larina EisenhutDena Sadeghi BahmaniVinh Tong NgoThorsten MikoteitAnnette Beatrix BrühlChristina StadlerKenneth M DürstelerMartin HatzingerSerge BrandPublished in: Journal of clinical medicine (2023)
It appears that hyperactivity traits and negative peer relationships and more unfavorable objective sleep patterns at 5 years predicted socially discouraged callous-unemotional traits and low empathy during adolescence. Further, cross-sectionally at the age of 14, callous-unemotional traits, subjective poor sleep, and higher stress were associated.