Circuits regulating pleasure and happiness - focus on potential biomarkers for circuitry including the habenuloid complex.

Published in: Acta neuropsychiatrica (2022)

The most promising biomarkers in this respect are those linked to activation or inhibition of the nicotine receptor, dopamine D4 receptor, μ-opioid receptor and also those of the functioning of habenular glia cells (astrocytes and microglia).

Keyphrases

induced apoptosis
inflammatory response
pain management
cell cycle arrest
smoking cessation
binding protein
neuropathic pain
endoplasmic reticulum stress
cell death
spinal cord