Engineering extracellular vesicles for Alzheimer's disease: An emerging cell-free approach for earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Sabrina Valentina LazarSirjan MorDavid WangLeora Goldbloom-HelznerKaitlin C ClarkDake HaoDiana Lee FarmerAijun WangPublished in: WIREs mechanisms of disease (2021)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder affecting over five million people globally and has no established cure. Current AD-related treatments only alleviate cognitive and behavioral symptoms and do not address disease onset or progression, underlining the unmet need to create an effective, innovative AD therapeutic. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a new class of nanotherapeutics. These secreted, lipid-bound cellular signaling carriers show promise for potential clinical applications for neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Additionally, analyzing contents and characteristics of patient-derived EVs may address the unmet need for earlier AD diagnostic techniques, informing physicians of altered genetic expression or cellular communications specific to healthy and diseased physiological states. There are numerous recent advances in regenerative medicine using EVs and include bioengineering perspectives to modify EVs, target glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases like AD, and potentially use EVs to diagnose and treat AD earlier. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Biomedical Engineering Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
Keyphrases
- brain injury
- cerebral ischemia
- stem cells
- cell free
- primary care
- induced apoptosis
- cognitive decline
- machine learning
- oxidative stress
- cell therapy
- artificial intelligence
- spinal cord
- mesenchymal stem cells
- long non coding rna
- deep learning
- spinal cord injury
- gene expression
- cell cycle arrest
- signaling pathway
- copy number
- bone marrow
- blood brain barrier
- cell death
- binding protein