Trends in the Epidemiology of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients without HIV Infection.
Ting XueXiaomei KongLiang MaPublished in: Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) (2023)
The increasing morbidity and mortality of life-threatening Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised people poses a global concern, prompting the World Health Organization to list it as one of the 19 priority invasive fungal diseases, calling for increased research and public health action. In response to this initiative, we provide this review on the epidemiology of PCP in non-HIV patients with various immunodeficient conditions, including the use of immunosuppressive agents, cancer therapies, solid organ and stem cell transplantation, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, inherited or primary immunodeficiencies, and COVID-19. Special attention is given to the molecular epidemiology of PCP outbreaks in solid organ transplant recipients; the risk of PCP associated with the increasing use of immunodepleting monoclonal antibodies and a wide range of genetic defects causing primary immunodeficiency; the trend of concurrent infection of PCP in COVID-19; the prevalence of colonization; and the rising evidence supporting de novo infection rather than reactivation of latent infection in the pathogenesis of PCP. Additionally, we provide a concise discussion of the varying effects of different immunodeficient conditions on distinct components of the immune system. The objective of this review is to increase awareness and knowledge of PCP in non-HIV patients, thereby improving the early identification and treatment of patients susceptible to PCP.
Keyphrases
- stem cell transplantation
- end stage renal disease
- public health
- antiretroviral therapy
- coronavirus disease
- ejection fraction
- sars cov
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- hiv infected
- risk factors
- hiv positive
- peritoneal dialysis
- gene expression
- hiv testing
- respiratory failure
- multiple sclerosis
- intensive care unit
- working memory
- squamous cell carcinoma
- quality improvement
- low dose
- patient reported outcomes
- young adults
- drug induced