Renal biopsy findings in patients with type 2 DM highlight that the prevalence of NDN may be higher than assumed, as presented mainly in the form of primary glomerular disease. The presence of AKI/RPKD, hematuria, and ANS/ANP serves as a reliable indicator of non-diabetic renal pathology. In more ambiguous situations, factors such as a shorter duration of diabetes, absence of DRP, and a lower NLR value may assist clinicians in biopsy decision.
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