Applications of Catechins in the Treatment of Bacterial Infections.

Tea is the second most commonly consumed beverage worldwide. Along with its aromatic and delicate flavors that make it an enjoyable beverage, studies report numerous health advantages in tea consumption, including applications in antimicrobial therapy. The antimicrobial properties of tea are related to catechin and its derivatives, which are natural flavonoids that are abundant in tea. Increasing evidence from in vitro studies demonstrated antimicrobial effects of catechins on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and proposed direct and indirect therapeutic mechanisms. Additionally, catechins were reported to be effective anti-virulence agents. Furthermore, a number of studies presented evidence that catechins display synergistic effects with certain antibiotics, thus potentiating the activity of antibiotics in resistant bacteria. Despite their numerous beneficial properties, catechins face many challenges in their development as therapeutic agents, including poor absorption, low bioavailability, and rapid degradation. The introduction of nanobiotechnology provides target-based and stable delivery, which enhances catechin bioavailability and optimizes drug efficacy. As further research continues to focus on overcoming the unresolved challenges, catechins are likely to see additional promising applications in our continual fight against bacterial infections.