Nanodiamonds-in-oil emulsions elicit potent immune responses for effective vaccination and therapeutics.
Hsin-Hung LinChih-Yen WangFeng-Jen HsiehFang-Zhen LiaoYu-Kai SuMinh Dinh PhamChih-Yuan LeeHuan-Cheng ChangHsao-Hsun HsuPublished in: Nanomedicine (London, England) (2023)
Background: The use of nanodiamonds (NDs) and fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) as nonallergenic biocompatible additives in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) to elicit immune responses in vivo was investigated. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were immunized with chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA) in IFA and also OVA-conjugated NDs (or OVA-conjugated FNDs) in IFA to produce antibodies. OVA-expressing E.G7 lymphoma cells and OVA-negative EL4 cells were inoculated in mice to induce tumor formation. Results: The new formulation significantly enhanced immune responses and thus disease resistance. It exhibited specific therapeutic activities, effectively inhibiting the growth of E.G7 tumor cells in mice over 35 days. Conclusion: The high biocompatibility and multiple functionalities of NDs/FNDs render them applicable as active and trackable vaccine adjuvants and antitumor agents.
Keyphrases
- immune response
- induced apoptosis
- high fat diet induced
- cell cycle arrest
- signaling pathway
- photodynamic therapy
- dendritic cells
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cell death
- ionic liquid
- small molecule
- quantum dots
- type diabetes
- drug delivery
- metabolic syndrome
- living cells
- atomic force microscopy
- drug release
- fluorescent probe