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Advanced tetracyclic heat-resistant energetic materials based on bis(4-nitropyrazole) bridged 1,2,4-triazole.

Luyao ChenWei HuCaijin LeiTeng ZhuChengchuang LiJie TangGuangbin ChengChuan XiaoHongwei Yang
Published in: Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003) (2024)
In recent years, with the development of deep coal mines and petroleum resources and the expansion of the aerospace industry, the pursuit of heat-resistant energetic materials with high thermal stability and high energy has been increasing. Bis(4-nitropyrazole) was employed as an energy bridge to link 1,2,4-triazole, thereby constructing a sophisticated tetracyclic framework in this study. A tetracyclic heat-resistant explosive 5,5'-(4,4'-dinitro-2 H ,2' H -[3,3'-bipyrazole]-5,5'-diyl)bis(4 H -1,2,4-triazole-3,4-diamine) (3) and its derivatives 6-8 with excellent comprehensive performance have been successfully prepared. Particularly noteworthy is that compound 3 has a detonation velocity of 8604 m s -1 , which exceeds that of the conventional heat-resistant explosive HNS with a velocity of 7164 m s -1 . Furthermore, compound 3 has higher thermal stability ( T d = 340 °C) than HNS ( T d = 318 °C). In addition, the tetracyclic compound 3 also exhibited extraordinarily low sensitivity (IS > 40 J; FS > 360 N). These unique characteristics make it a potential candidate for novel heat-resistant and insensitive energetic materials.
Keyphrases
  • heat stress
  • ionic liquid
  • risk assessment
  • climate change
  • particulate matter
  • human health