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Verbal Learning and Memory Deficits across Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Insights from an ENIGMA Mega Analysis.

Eamonn KennedySpencer W LiebelHannah M LindseyShashank VadlamaniStephen N ElliottMaheen M AdamsonMartin AldaSilvia Alonso-LanaTim J AndersonCelso ArangoRobert F AsarnowMihai AvramRosa Ayesa-ArriolaTalin BabikianNerisa BanajLaura J BirdStefan BorgwardtAmy BrodtmannKatharina BroschKaren CaeyenberghsVince D CalhounNancy D ChiaravallotiDavid X CifuBenedicto Crespo-FacorroJohn C Dalrymple-AlfordKristen Dams-O'ConnorUdo DannlowskiDavid DarbyNicholas DavenportJohn DeLucaCovadonga M Diaz-CanejaSeth G DisnerEkaterina DobryakovaStefan EhrlichCarrie EsopenkoFabio FerrarelliLea E FrankCarol E FranzPaola Fuentes-ClaramonteHelen GenovaChristopher C GizaJanik GoltermannDominik GrotegerdMarius GruberAlfonso Gutierrez-ZotesMinji HaJan HaavikCharles HinkinKristen R HoskinsonDaniela HublAndrei IrimiaAndreas JansenMichael KaessXiaojian KangKimbra KenneyBarbora KeřkováMohamed Salah KhlifMinah KimJochen KindlerTilo KircherKarolina KnížkováKnut K KolskårDenise KrchWilliam S KremenTaylor KuhnVeena KumariJun-Soo KwonRoberto LangellaSarah LaskowitzJungha LeeJean LengenfelderVictoria Liou-JohnsonSara M LippaMarianne LøvstadAstri Johansen LundervoldCassandra MarottaCraig A MarquardtPaulo MattosAhmad MayeliCarrie R McDonaldSusanne MeinertTracy R MelzerJessica Merchán-NaranjoChantal MichelRajendra A MoreyBenson MwangiDaniel J MyallIgor NenadićMary R NewsomeAbraham NunesTerence O'BrienViola OertelJohn OllingerAlexander OlsenVictor Ortiz García de la FozMustafa OzmenHeath R PardoeMarise B ParentFabrizio PirasFederica PirasEdith Pomarol-ClotetJonathan ReppleGenevieve RichardJonathan RodriguezMabel RodriguezKelly Rootes-MurdyJared A RowlandNicholas P RyanRaymond SalvadorAnne-Marthe SandersAndre SchmidtJair C SoaresGianfranco SpallettaFilip ŠpanielScott R SponheimAlena StasenkoFrederike SteinBenjamin StraubeApril ThamesFlorian Thomas-OdenthalSophia I ThomopoulosErin B ToneIvan TorresMaya TroyanskayaJessica A TurnerKristine M UlrichsenGuillermo UmpierrezDaniela VecchioElisabet VilellaLucy VivashWilliam C WalkerEmilio WerdenLars T WestlyeKrista WildAdrian WroblewskiMon-Ju WuGlenn R WylieLakshmi N YathamGiovana B Zunta-SoaresPaul M ThompsonMary Jo V PughDavid F TateFrank G HillaryElisabeth A WildeEmily Larson Dennis
Published in: Brain sciences (2024)
Deficits in memory performance have been linked to a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. While many studies have assessed the memory impacts of individual conditions, this study considers a broader perspective by evaluating how memory recall is differentially associated with nine common neuropsychiatric conditions using data drawn from 55 international studies, aggregating 15,883 unique participants aged 15-90. The effects of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder on immediate, short-, and long-delay verbal learning and memory (VLM) scores were estimated relative to matched healthy individuals. Random forest models identified age, years of education, and site as important VLM covariates. A Bayesian harmonization approach was used to isolate and remove site effects. Regression estimated the adjusted association of each clinical group with VLM scores. Memory deficits were strongly associated with dementia and schizophrenia ( p < 0.001), while neither depression nor ADHD showed consistent associations with VLM scores ( p > 0.05). Differences associated with clinical conditions were larger for longer delayed recall duration items. By comparing VLM across clinical conditions, this study provides a foundation for enhanced diagnostic precision and offers new insights into disease management of comorbid disorders.
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