Injectable rBMSCs-laden hydrogel microspheres loaded with naringin for osteomyelitis treatment.

Osteomyelitis, caused by purulent bacteria invading bone tissue, often occurs in long bones and seriously affects the physical and mental health and working ability of patients, and even endangers life. However, due to its cavity structure, osteomyelitis tends to occur inside the bone and lacks an effective treatment, which needs anti-inflammatory and repair of bone defects. Here, we developed an injectable hydrogel micro microspheres loaded with naringin and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which are not only anti-inflammatory; but also osteogenic. These homogeneous microspheres are rapidly fabricated by the electro-assisted bioprinting method, with sizes from 200 to 1000 μm. Interestingly, it was found that microspheres with relatively small diameters (200 μm) were more conducive to the initial cell attachment, growth, spread, and later osteogenic differentiation. It can achieve an effective treatment for tibial osteomyelitis in rats within six weeks, proving that it has a positive prospect for clinical application.&#xD.