Na/Mo co-doped PbTiO 3 for photocatalytic water oxidation and Z-scheme overall water splitting under visible light.

Herein, we demonstrate a sodium/molybdenum (Na/Mo) co-doped ferroelectric PbTiO 3 for efficient photocatalysis under visible light. Doped with a high concentration of Mo 6+ , quasi-continuous new energy levels are successfully introduced below the conduction band minimum of PbTiO 3 , giving rise to a band-to-band redshift of the absorption edge. The valence state difference of Mo 6+ and Ti 4+ in the doped PbTiO 3 is compensated by the Na dopant, thus effectively suppressing the formation of the recombination centres caused by Mo 4+ . Combined with the intrinsic built-in electric field in PbTiO 3 , this Na/Mo co-doping strategy enables PbTiO 3 to exhibit superior water oxidation activity under visible light with threshold wavelength up to 550 nm, which also promotes overall water splitting under visible light in a Z-scheme photocatalytic system. This strategy provides a generally applicable solution to extend the visible light absorption spectrum and engineer electronic structures of ferroelectric materials for photocatalysis and other energy conversion applications.