Copper and Impulsivity in Ketamine Treatment for Treatment-Resistant Mood Disorders.
Jakub SłupskiWiesław Jerzy CubałaNatalia GórskaMaria Gałuszko-WęgielnikPublished in: Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology (2021)
Treatment-resistant mood disorders, including both major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), are challenging to treat, as limited interventions exist. Ketamine exhibits an antidepressive effect in treatment-resistant depression. Abnormal copper levels might be associated with symptoms of depression. Impulsivity is related to measures of depression, both in MDD and in BD. The aim of this paper is to explore the associations between blood copper levels and impulsivity in patients who are treatment-resistant, in the course of treatment-resistant mood disorders. The paper does not support evidence for the link between copper concentrations and impulsivity outcomes in the course of short-term ketamine treatment.
Keyphrases
- bipolar disorder
- major depressive disorder
- sleep quality
- depressive symptoms
- obsessive compulsive disorder
- end stage renal disease
- oxide nanoparticles
- pain management
- borderline personality disorder
- newly diagnosed
- physical activity
- chronic kidney disease
- prognostic factors
- combination therapy
- type diabetes
- skeletal muscle
- peritoneal dialysis
- replacement therapy
- insulin resistance
- glycemic control