Pt 1.8 Pd 0.2 CuGa Intermetallic Nanocatalysts with Enhanced Methanol Oxidation Performance for Efficient Hybrid Seawater Electrolysis.

Seawater electrolysis is a potentially cost-effective approach to green hydrogen production, but it currently faces substantial challenges for its high energy consumption and the interference of chlorine evolution reaction (ClER). Replacing the energy-demanding oxygen evolution reaction with methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) represents a promising alternative, as MOR occurs at a significantly low anodic potential, which cannot only reduce the voltage needed for electrolysis but also completely circumvents ClER. To this end, developing high-performance MOR catalysts is a key. Herein, a novel quaternary Pt 1.8 Pd 0.2 CuGa/C intermetallic nanoparticle (i-NP) catalyst is reported, which shows a high mass activity (11.13 A mg PGM -1 ), a large specific activity (18.13 mA cm PGM -2 ), and outstanding stability toward alkaline MOR. Advanced characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal that the introduction of atomically distributed Pd in Pt 2 CuGa intermetallic markedly promotes the oxidation of key reaction intermediates by enriching electron concentration around Pt sites, resulting in weak adsorption of carbon-containing intermediates and favorable adsorption of synergistic OH - groups near Pd sites. MOR-assisted seawater electrolysis is demonstrated, which continuously operates under 1.23 V for 240 h in simulated seawater and 120 h in natural seawater without notable degradation.