Uniform one-dimensional metal oxide hollow tubular nanofibers (HTNs) have been controllably prepared using a calcination strategy using electrospun polymer nanofibers as soft templates and zeolitic imidazolate framework nanoparticles as precursors. Utilizing the general synthesis method, the ZnO HTNs, Co 3 O 4 HTNs and ZnCo 2 O 4 HTNs have been successfully prepared. The optimal ZnCo 2 O 4 HTNs, as a representative substance applied in supercapacitors as the positive electrode, delivers a high specific capacity of 181 C g -1 at a current density of 0.5 A g -1 , an excellent rate performance of 75.14% and a superior capacity retention of 97.42% after 10 000 cycles. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor assembled from ZnCo 2 O 4 HTNs and active carbon also shows a stable and ultrahigh cycling stability with 95.38% of its original capacity after 20 000 cycle tests.