TLR2 regulates hair follicle cycle and regeneration via BMP signaling.
Luyang XiongIrina ZhevlakovaXiaoxia Z WestDetao GaoRakhilya MurtazinaAnthony J HorakJonathan Mark BrownIuliia MolokotinaEugene A PodrezTatiana V ByzovaPublished in: eLife (2024)
The etiology of hair loss remains enigmatic, and current remedies remain inadequate. Transcriptome analysis of aging hair follicles uncovered changes in immune pathways, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Our findings demonstrate that the maintenance of hair follicle homeostasis and the regeneration capacity after damage depend on TLR2 in hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). In healthy hair follicles, TLR2 is expressed in a cycle-dependent manner and governs HFSCs activation by countering inhibitory BMP signaling. Hair follicles in aging and obesity exhibit a decrease in both TLR2 and its endogenous ligand carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP), a metabolite of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Administration of CEP stimulates hair regeneration through a TLR2-dependent mechanism. These results establish a novel connection between TLR2-mediated innate immunity and HFSC activation, which is pivotal to hair follicle health and the prevention of hair loss and provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Keyphrases
- stem cells
- toll like receptor
- inflammatory response
- immune response
- public health
- healthcare
- metabolic syndrome
- gene expression
- mesenchymal stem cells
- mental health
- insulin resistance
- risk assessment
- physical activity
- skeletal muscle
- adipose tissue
- single cell
- body mass index
- weight loss
- climate change
- health information
- genome wide
- social media
- rna seq
- weight gain
- wound healing