In vitro, the aging of stallion spermatozoa at 22 °C is linked to alteration in Ca 2+ and redox homeostasis and may be slowed by regulating metabolism.

Viable spermatozoa may experience oxidative stress and alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis during prolonged storage, however, these effects can be reduced by regulating metabolism. The 40 mM glucose- 10 mM pyruvate group yielded the highest sperm quality parameters.