Anti-Neuroinflammatory Components from Clausena lenis Drake.
Si-Si ZhuYi-Fan ZhangMeng DingKe-Wu ZengPeng-Fei TuYong JiangPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Clausena lenis Drake ( C. lenis ) is a folk medicinal herb to treat influenza, colds, bronchitis, and malaria. The 95% and 50% ethanol extract of C. lenis showed significant nitric oxide (NO) inhibition activity in BV-2 microglial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bio-guided isolation of the active extract afforded five new compounds, including a chlorine-containing furoquinoline racemate, (±)-claulenine A ( 1 ), an amide alkaloid, claulenine B ( 2 ), a prenylated coumarin, claulenin A ( 3 ), a furocoumarin glucoside, clauleside A ( 4 ), and a multi-prenylated p -hydroxybenzaldehyde, claulenin B ( 5 ), along with 33 known ones. Their structures were determined via spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations of new compounds were assigned via the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 2 , 23 , 27 , 28 , 33 , and 34 showed potent anti-neuroinflammatory effects on LPS-induced NO production in BV-2 microglial cells, with IC 50 values in the range of 17.6-40.9 μM. The possible mechanism was deduced to interact with iNOS through molecular docking.
Keyphrases
- lps induced
- inflammatory response
- molecular docking
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- induced apoptosis
- nitric oxide
- molecular dynamics simulations
- cell cycle arrest
- anti inflammatory
- oxidative stress
- toll like receptor
- high resolution
- nitric oxide synthase
- cell death
- drinking water
- hydrogen peroxide
- molecular dynamics
- density functional theory
- spinal cord injury
- contrast enhanced
- electron microscopy