Long-term single-cell imaging and simulations of microtubules reveal principles behind wall patterning during proto-xylem development.
René SchneiderKris Van't KloosterKelsey L PicardJasper van der GuchtTaku DemuraMarcel JansonArun SampathkumarEva E DeinumTijs KetelaarStaffan PerssonPublished in: Nature communications (2021)
Plants are the tallest organisms on Earth; a feature sustained by solute-transporting xylem vessels in the plant vasculature. The xylem vessels are supported by strong cell walls that are assembled in intricate patterns. Cortical microtubules direct wall deposition and need to rapidly re-organize during xylem cell development. Here, we establish long-term live-cell imaging of single Arabidopsis cells undergoing proto-xylem trans-differentiation, resulting in spiral wall patterns, to understand microtubule re-organization. We find that the re-organization requires local microtubule de-stabilization in band-interspersing gaps. Using microtubule simulations, we recapitulate the process in silico and predict that spatio-temporal control of microtubule nucleation is critical for pattern formation, which we confirm in vivo. By combining simulations and live-cell imaging we further explain how the xylem wall-deficient and microtubule-severing KATANIN contributes to microtubule and wall patterning. Hence, by combining quantitative microscopy and modelling we devise a framework to understand how microtubule re-organization supports wall patterning.
Keyphrases
- induced apoptosis
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- single cell
- signaling pathway
- oxidative stress
- high resolution
- cell wall
- rna seq
- molecular dynamics
- high throughput
- machine learning
- transcription factor
- gene expression
- pi k akt
- stem cells
- single molecule
- deep learning
- dna methylation
- optical coherence tomography
- cell death
- fluorescence imaging
- bone marrow
- wild type