Preclinical assessment of tramadol abuse potential: Effects of acute and repeated tramadol on intracranial self-stimulation in rats.

Ahmad A Altarifi Megan J MoerkeMohammad I AlsalemS Stevens Negus

Published in: Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) (2020)

These results suggest that tramadol has lower abuse potential than other abused MOR agonists and that repeated tramadol exposure produces relatively little enhancement of abuse potential of other MOR agonists.

Keyphrases

liver failure
intimate partner violence
stem cells
mesenchymal stem cells
risk assessment
cell therapy
postoperative pain
clinical evaluation