Plasmodesmata are conduits in plant cell walls that allow neighboring cells to communicate and exchange resources. Despite their central importance to plant development and physiology, our understanding of plasmodesmata is relatively limited compared to other subcellular structures. In recent years, technical advances in electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and phylogenomics have illuminated the structure, composition, and evolution of plasmodesmata in diverse plant lineages. In parallel, forward genetic screens have revealed key signaling pathways that converge to regulate plasmodesmatal transport, including chloroplast-derived retrograde signaling, phytohormone signaling, and metabolic regulation by the conserved eukaryotic Target of Rapamycin kinase. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the structure, evolution, and regulation of plasmodesmatal transport in plants.
Keyphrases
- single cell
- mass spectrometry
- induced apoptosis
- electron microscopy
- signaling pathway
- cell therapy
- genome wide
- healthcare
- high resolution
- high throughput
- gene expression
- stem cells
- cell wall
- liquid chromatography
- oxidative stress
- cell cycle arrest
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- dna methylation
- cell proliferation
- copy number
- gas chromatography
- bone marrow