Long-term effect associated with seizures and dynamic effect associated with treatment on cognitive dysfunction of adult patients with focal epilepsy as evaluated by the Trail Making Test.

Epileptic seizures were shown to be associated with both long-term and dynamic adverse effects on cognitive function evaluated with the TMT in adult patients with focal epilepsy. Seizure control is important for improving the cognitive function of patients with epilepsy; however, the potential adverse effects of polypharmacy and some anti-seizure medicines such as zonisamide and topiramate on cognitive function should be considered.