Heat Inactivation of Aqueous Viable Norovirus and MS2 Bacteriophage.

Overall, our data demonstrates that MS2 bacteriophage is a conservative surrogate to measure heat inactivation and potentially overestimates the infectious risk of norovirus. Furthermore, this study corroborates that measuring viral RNA titers, as evaluated by PCR methods, does not correlate with the persistence of viable norovirus under heat inactivation.