Pitfalls in surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: How successful is it in the real world?

Although surveillance is recommended for HCC, not all surveillance ultrasound are ideal. Tumor detection can depend on gender, BMI, diabetes, cirrhosis, and ascites and is achieved in 19.1-75% of cases depending on the definition of success. Closer follow-up or additional imaging might be necessary for some patient subgroups.