Triboelectric Nanogenerator-Enabled Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Batteries.

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are prominent among next-generation energy-storage systems because of their high energy density. Unfortunately, the commercial application of LMBs is hindered by the dendrite growth issue during the charging process. Herein, we report that the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-based pulse output with a novel waveform and frequency has restrained the formation of dendrites in LMBs. The waveform and operation frequency of TENG can be regulated by TENG-designed and smart power management circuits. By regulating the waveform and frequency of the TENG-based pulse output, the pulse duration becomes shorter than the lithium dendrite formation time at any current of pulse waveform, and lithium ions can replenish in the entire electrode surface during rest periods, eliminating concentration polarization. Therefore, the optimized TENG-based charging strategy can improve the Coulombic efficiency of lithium plating/stripping and realize homogeneous lithium plating in LMBs. This TENG-based charging technology provides an innovative strategy to address the Li dendrite growth issues in LMBs, and accelerates the application of TENG-based energy collection systems.