Delayed Gastric Emptying and Gastric Remnant Function After Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Systematic Review of Objective Assessment Modalities.

Several objective modalities to assess DGE following PD have been identified and evaluated, however are infrequently used. Substantial variability exists in the literature regarding indications and interpretation of these tests, and there is a need for a real-time objective modality which correlates with ISGPS DGE definition after PD.