RNA-Cleaving DNAzyme-based Amplification Strategies for Biosensing and Therapy.

Since the first discovery in 1994, DNAzymes have been extensively applied in biosensing and therapy that acting as recognition elements and signal generators with the outstanding properties of good stability, simple synthesis and high sensitivity. One subset, RNA-cleaving DNAzymes, are widely employed for diverse applications, including as reporters capable of transmitting detectable signals. In this review, we focus on the recent advances of RNA-cleaving DNAzyme-based amplification strategies in scaled-up biosensing, the application in diagnosis and disease treatment are also disscussed. We highlight two major types of RNA-cleaving DNAzyme-based amplification strategies, namely direct response amplification strategies and combinational response amplification strategies. The direct response amplification strategies refer to those based on novel designed single-stranded DNAzyme, and the combinational response amplification strategies mainly include two-part assembled DNAzyme, cascade reactions, CHA/HCR/RCA, DNA walker, CRISPR-Cas12a and aptamer. Finally, we present the current status of DNAzymes, the challenges and prospects of DNAzyme-based biosensors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.