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Accuracy of placement of pedicle screws in the thoracolumbar spine of dogs with spinal deformities with three-dimensionally printed patient-specific drill guides.

James H ElfordBill OxleySebastien Behr
Published in: Veterinary surgery : VS (2019)
Three-dimensionally printed patient-specific drill guides are a safe and effective method of placing pedicle screws in dogs with thoracolumbar vertebral malformations.
Keyphrases
  • minimally invasive
  • robot assisted
  • low cost
  • spinal cord
  • bone mineral density
  • ultrasound guided
  • spinal cord injury