Mechanical and Thermodynamic Properties of Non-Muscle Contractile Tissues: The Myofibroblast and the Molecular Motor Non-Muscle Myosin Type IIA.
Yves LecarpentierVictor ClaesJean-Louis HébertOlivier SchusslerAlexandre ValléePublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
Myofibroblasts are contractile cells found in multiple tissues. They are physiological cells as in the human placenta and can be obtained from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after differentiation by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). They are also found in the stroma of cancerous tissues and can be located in non-muscle contractile tissues. When stimulated by an electric current or after exposure to KCl, these tissues contract. They relax either by lowering the intracellular Ca2+ concentration (by means of isosorbide dinitrate or sildenafil) or by inhibiting actin-myosin interactions (by means of 2,3-butanedione monoxime or blebbistatin). Their shortening velocity and their developed tension are dramatically low compared to those of muscles. Like sarcomeric and smooth muscles, they obey Frank-Starling's law and exhibit the Hill hyperbolic tension-velocity relationship. The molecular motor of the myofibroblast is the non-muscle myosin type IIA (NMIIA). Its essential characteristic is the extreme slowness of its molecular kinetics. In contrast, NMIIA develops a unitary force similar to that of muscle myosins. From a thermodynamic point of view, non-muscle contractile tissues containing NMIIA operate extremely close to equilibrium in a linear stationary mode.
Keyphrases
- skeletal muscle
- transforming growth factor
- gene expression
- induced apoptosis
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- binding protein
- smooth muscle
- magnetic resonance
- single molecule
- oxidative stress
- magnetic resonance imaging
- climate change
- signaling pathway
- computed tomography
- molecular dynamics
- mass spectrometry
- liquid chromatography
- reactive oxygen species
- left ventricular
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- pi k akt