Pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine in treatment responders and non-responders: a retrospective analysis of a large naturalistic database.

Higher ODVEN and AM concentrations in non-responders than in responders indicate that treatment escalation above upper thresholds of therapeutic reference ranges of venlafaxine is not promising. Hence, the therapeutic reference range for venlafaxine can help in improving outcomes in a measurement-based care model that takes advantage of therapeutic drug monitoring.