Development of Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease in Patients With Lung Cancer on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), while ameliorating lung cancer, can cause infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, in addition to immune-related noninfectious complications. In the clinical setting, the efficacy of ICIs to treat mycobacterial infection remains controversial. We report 3 cases of acute Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease during immunotherapy with ICIs.