Hydrogen-Tolerant La 0.6 Ca 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3- d Oxygen Transport Membranes from Ultrasonic Spray Synthesis for Plasma-Assisted CO 2 Conversion.

La 0.6 Ca 0.4 Co 1- x Fe x O 3- d in its various compositions has proven to be an excellent CO 2 -resistant oxygen transport membrane that can be used in plasma-assisted CO 2 conversion. With the goal of incorporating green hydrogen into the CO 2 conversion process, this work takes a step further by investigating the compatibility of La 0.6 Ca 0.4 Co 1- x Fe x O 3- d membranes with hydrogen fed into the plasma. This will enable plasma-assisted conversion of the carbon monoxide produced in the CO 2 reduction process into green fuels, like methanol. This requires the La 0.6 Ca 0.4 Co 1- x Fe x O 3- d membranes to be tolerant towards reducing conditions of hydrogen . The hydrogen tolerance of La 0.6 Ca 0.4 Co 1- x Fe x O 3- d ( x = 0.8) was studied in detail. A faster and resource-efficient route based on ultrasonic spray synthesis was developed to synthesise the La 0.6 Ca 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3- d membranes. The La 0.6 Ca 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3- d membrane developed using ultrasonic spray synthesis showed similar performance in terms of its oxygen permeation when compared with the ones synthesised with conventional techniques, such as co-precipitation, sol-gel, etc., despite using 30% less cobalt.