Racialization in nursing: Rediscovering Antonio Gramsci's concepts of hegemony and subalternity.

Although Gramsci's notions of hegemony and subalternity may seem outdated in this 21st century, a critical examination of the literature shows that these concepts apply in this global pandemic and political context. Racialization is a form of structural violence. In this paper, I also explore Gramsci's' notion of engaged intellectuals to support the idea of social and political activism in nursing. Nurse scholars call for the decolonization of the discipline. Gramsci's philosophical approach to hegemony can be extended to racialization in nursing. Gramsci's notions of civil society and state can help nurses to see the structures that create racism in nursing and society.