Cytomegalovirus Infection in Adult Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Literature Review.
Zahra Momayaz SanatZeinab SiamiSudabeh AlatabHomayoon VahediZeinab FanniPublished in: Archives of Iranian medicine (2024)
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is classified within the Herpesvirales order and is prevalent in 50%‒80% of the general population. Most carriers experience this infection without noticeable clinical symptoms. HCMV causes a lifelong latent infection that can be reactivated due to immune disorders and inflammation. The reactivation of HCMV becomes particularly significant when it coincides with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis in IBD patients was identified years ago, the role of CMV in triggering flare-ups, acute severe colitis, treatment resistance, and other outcomes in IBD patients experiencing CMV reactivation remains a subject of ongoing debate. In this review, we aim to address an updated insight into aspects related to the CMV colitis in IBD patients including epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic tests, histology, place of immunosuppressants and indications for antiviral treatment. We suggest for personalized and thorough assessment based on the disease phase and colitis severity when prescribing drugs to these patients. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of regular patient follow-up to monitor drug side effects, ensuring treatment success, and minimizing the risk of colectomy.
Keyphrases
- end stage renal disease
- chronic kidney disease
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- risk factors
- prognostic factors
- peritoneal dialysis
- primary care
- ulcerative colitis
- metabolic syndrome
- oxidative stress
- insulin resistance
- patient reported outcomes
- drug induced
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- liver failure
- case report
- diffuse large b cell lymphoma
- intensive care unit
- skeletal muscle
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- mechanical ventilation
- finite element