ProPan: a comprehensive database for profiling prokaryotic pan-genome dynamics.

Compared with conventional comparative genomics, the recent studies in pan-genomics have provided further insights into species genomic dynamics, taxonomy and identification, pathogenicity and environmental adaptation. To better understand genome characteristics of species of interest and to fully excavate key metabolic and resistant genes and their conservations and variations, here we present ProPan (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/propan), a public database covering 23 archaeal species and 1,481 bacterial species (in a total of 51,882 strains) for comprehensively profiling prokaryotic pan-genome dynamics. By analyzing and integrating these massive datasets, ProPan offers three major aspects for the pan-genome dynamics of the species of interest: 1) the evaluations of various species' characteristics and composition in pan-genome dynamics; 2) the visualization of map association, the functional annotation and presence/absence variation for all contained species' gene clusters; 3) the typical characteristics of the environmental adaptation, including resistance genes prediction of 126 substances (biocide, antimicrobial drug and metal) and evaluation of 31 metabolic cycle processes. Besides, ProPan develops a very user-friendly interface, flexible retrieval and multi-level real-time statistical visualization. Taken together, ProPan will serve as a weighty resource for the studies of prokaryotic pan-genome dynamics, taxonomy and identification as well as environmental adaptation.