History and evolution of regional anesthesiology and acute pain medicine fellowship training.
David Michael ShapiroMary J HargettSandra KoppJoseph M NealEdward R MarianoGregory LiguoriPublished in: Regional anesthesia and pain medicine (2020)
The history of RA/APM training in the USA is a tortuous one. It began with short 'apprenticeships' under the tutelage of the early proponents of regional anesthesia and continues today with 84 official RA/APM programs and a robust fellowship directors' group. RA/APM programs teach skills essential to the practice and improvement of anesthesiology as a specialty.
Keyphrases
- rheumatoid arthritis
- disease activity
- public health
- ankylosing spondylitis
- chronic pain
- liver failure
- virtual reality
- primary care
- healthcare
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- interstitial lung disease
- neuropathic pain
- respiratory failure
- drug induced
- intensive care unit
- aortic dissection
- medical students
- systemic sclerosis
- postoperative pain