Carbon Electrode-Based Biosensing Enabled by Biocompatible Surface Modification with DNA and Proteins.
Amruta KarbelkarRachel AhlmarkXingcheng ZhouKatherine AustinGang FanVictoria Y YangAriel L FurstPublished in: Bioconjugate chemistry (2023)
Modification of electrodes with biomolecules is an essential first step for the development of bioelectrochemical systems, which are used in a variety of applications ranging from sensors to fuel cells. Gold is often used because of its ease of modification with thiolated biomolecules, but carbon screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are gaining popularity due to their low cost and fabrication from abundant resources. However, their effective modification with biomolecules remains a challenge; the majority of work to-date relies on nonspecific adhesion or broad amide bond formation to chemical handles on the electrode surface. By combining facile electrochemical modification to add an aniline handle to electrodes with a specific and biocompatible oxidative coupling reaction, we can readily modify carbon electrodes with a variety of biomolecules. Importantly, both proteins and DNA maintain bioactive conformations following coupling. We have then used biomolecule-modified electrodes to generate microbial monolayers through DNA-directed immobilization. This work provides an easy, general strategy to modify inexpensive carbon electrodes, significantly expanding their potential as bioelectrochemical systems.
Keyphrases
- low cost
- reduced graphene oxide
- carbon nanotubes
- solid state
- circulating tumor
- gold nanoparticles
- cell free
- single molecule
- ionic liquid
- microbial community
- room temperature
- high throughput
- risk assessment
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- candida albicans
- climate change
- electron transfer
- label free
- simultaneous determination
- solid phase extraction