The importance of cache domains in α 2 δ proteins and the basis for their gabapentinoid selectivity.

In this hybrid review, we have first collected and reviewed available information on the structure and function of the enigmatic cache domains in α 2 δ proteins. These are organized into two double cache (dCache_1) domains, and they are present in all α 2 δ proteins. We have also included new data on the key function of these domains with respect to amino acid and gabapentinoid binding to the universal amino acid-binding pocket, which is present in α 2 δ-1 and α 2 δ-2. We have now identified the reason why α 2 δ-3 and α 2 δ-4 do not bind gabapentinoid drugs or amino acids with bulky side chains. In relation to this, we have determined that the bulky amino acids Tryptophan and Phenylalanine prevent gabapentin from inhibiting cell surface trafficking of α 2 δ-1. Together, these novel data shed further light on the importance of the cache domains in α 2 δ proteins.