Conamonin A and dihydrochalcones from the whole plants of Conamomum rubidum (Lamxay & N.S.Lý) Škorničk. & A.D. Poulsen showing anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities.

A new compound, conamonin A ( 1 ), was isolated from the whole plants of Conamomum rubidum with eight known dihydrochalcones ( 2 - 9 ). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic methods as well as by comparison with previously reported data. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by TDDFT-ECD method. Compounds 1 and 8 showed inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production in the RAW 264.7 cells, with IC 50 values of 58.29 ± 2.88 and 81.77 ± 5.99 μM, respectively. Compounds 3/4 and 5/6 exhibited inhibitory effects, with IC 50 values of 28.76 ± 1.16 and 29.89 ± 1.79 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 2 , 7 - 9 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against human lung carcinoma (the SK-LU-1 cell line) with IC 50 values ranging from 9.87 to 17.99 µM. This study offers valuable insights into the chemical constituents and biological activities of Conamomum rubidum , highlighting its potential as a source for discovering new anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic agents.