CO 2 Valorization in Deep Eutectic Solvents.

The deep eutectic solvent (DES) has emerged in recent years as a valuable medium for converting CO 2 into valuable chemicals because of its easy availability, stability, and safety, and its capability to dissolve carbon dioxide. CO 2 valorization in DES has evolved rapidly over the past 20 years. As well as being used as solvents for acid/base-promoted CO 2 conversion for the production of cyclic carbonates and carbamates, DESs can be used as reaction media for electrochemical CO 2 reduction for formic acid and CO. Among these products, cyclic carbonates can be used as solvents and electrolytes, carbamate derivatives include the core structure of many herbicides and pesticides, and formic acid and carbon monoxide, the C1 electrochemical products, are essential raw materials in the chemical industries. An overview of the application of DESs for CO 2 valorization in recent years is presented in this review, followed by a compilation and comparison of product types and reaction mechanisms within the different types of DESs, and an outlook on how CO 2 valorization will be developed in the future.