Three-dimensional analysis of posttreatment tooth movements despite bonded retainers: part I-upper jaw.

Katharina KlausTobias KleinertSabine Ruf

Published in: Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie (2024)

Upper bonded retainers show a similar unwanted movement pattern ("twist effect") like the one described for mandibular retainers.

Keyphrases

epithelial mesenchymal transition
signaling pathway