A 62-year-old male presenting with gross hematuria and right renal mass was referred to our Urology Department. Computed tomography revealed a right renal mass, with multiple pulmonary lesions. He underwent right nephrectomy for highly suspected renal cell carcinoma with pulmonary metastases (cT3aN0M1). The pathological diagnosis was clear cell renal cell carcinoma, pT1b. Following surgery, he was treated with multiple regimens of chemotherapy, ranging from interferon alpha, multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib, axitinib, pazopanib and cabozantinib, everolimus, and nivolumab, all of which were discontinued after its induction, either due to adverse events or progressive disease. He was finally administered Sunitinib as the 8th line "last-ditch" treatment, which resulted in significant tumor shrinkage. No disease progression has been observed 25 months after initiating sunitinib administration.
Keyphrases
- metastatic renal cell carcinoma
- renal cell carcinoma
- computed tomography
- pulmonary hypertension
- minimally invasive
- positron emission tomography
- small cell lung cancer
- squamous cell carcinoma
- image quality
- dual energy
- magnetic resonance imaging
- contrast enhanced
- papillary thyroid
- dendritic cells
- pulmonary embolism
- robot assisted
- magnetic resonance
- stem cells
- locally advanced
- tertiary care
- replacement therapy
- bone marrow
- smoking cessation
- percutaneous coronary intervention