Complement component 5a receptor 1 and leukotriene B4 receptor 1 regulate neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation through Rap1a/B-Raf/ERK signaling pathway and their deficiency in term low birth weight newborns leads to deficient NETosis.

The C5aR1 and LTB4R1 signaling via Rap1a/B-Raf/ERK axis acts as a signal-relay mechanism to regulate NET formation in neutrophils. Further, C5aR1 and LTB4R1 signaling cascade along with NET-associated proteins are remarkably downregulated in tLBW newborns' neutrophils leading to impaired NETosis in them. Therefore, C5aR1 and LTB4R1 and their signaling molecules could provide an effective therapeutic target for compromised NETosis like tLBW newborns.