Heparanase, cell signaling, and viral infections.
Raghuram KogantiRahul SuryawanshiDeepak ShuklaPublished in: Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS (2020)
Heparanase (HPSE) is a multifunctional protein endowed with many non-enzymatic functions and a unique enzymatic activity as an endo-β-D-glucuronidase. The latter allows it to serve as a key modulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) via a well-regulated cleavage of heparan sulfate side chains of proteoglycans at cell surfaces. The cleavage and associated changes at the ECM cause release of multiple signaling molecules with important cellular and pathological functions. New and emerging data suggest that both enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic functions of HPSE are important for health and illnesses including viral infections and virally induced cancers. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of HPSE in activation, inhibition, or bioavailability of key signaling molecules such as AKT, VEGF, MAPK-ERK, and EGFR, which are known regulators of common viral infections in immune and non-immune cell types. Altogether, our review provides a unique overview of HPSE in cell-survival signaling pathways and how they relate to viral infections.
Keyphrases
- extracellular matrix
- signaling pathway
- sars cov
- hydrogen peroxide
- cell proliferation
- pi k akt
- single cell
- small cell lung cancer
- public health
- cell therapy
- transcription factor
- healthcare
- mental health
- endothelial cells
- dna binding
- nitric oxide
- oxidative stress
- epidermal growth factor receptor
- stem cells
- drug delivery
- staphylococcus aureus
- machine learning
- cystic fibrosis
- induced apoptosis
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- small molecule
- health information
- cancer therapy
- big data
- risk assessment
- binding protein
- deep learning