Tissue Constructs with Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Treat Bone Defects in Rats.
Guilherme CaetanoWeiguang WangAdriana MurashimaJosé Roberto PassariniLeonardo BagneMarcel LeiteMiguel Angelo HyppolitoSalem Al-DeyabMohamed H El-NewehyPaulo BártoloMarco Andrey Cipriani FradePublished in: Materials (Basel, Switzerland) (2019)
The use of porous scaffolds created by additive manufacturing is considered a viable approach for the regeneration of critical-size bone defects. This paper investigates the xenotransplantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) tissue constructs seeded with differentiated and undifferentiated human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) to treat calvarial critical-sized defect in Wistar rats. PCL scaffolds without cells were also considered. In vitro and in vivo biological evaluations were performed to assess the feasibility of these different approaches. In the case of cell seeded scaffolds, it was possible to observe the presence of hADSCs in the rat tissue contributing directly (osteoblasts) and indirectly (stimulation by paracrine factors) to tissue formation, organization and mineralization. The presence of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the rat tissue treated with cell-seeded PCL scaffolds suggests that the paracrine factors of undifferentiated hADSC cells could stimulate BMP-2 production by surrounding cells, leading to osteogenesis. Moreover, BMP-2 acts synergistically with growth factors to induce angiogenesis, leading to higher numbers of blood vessels in the groups containing undifferentiated and differentiated hADSCs.
Keyphrases
- mesenchymal stem cells
- bone regeneration
- induced apoptosis
- tissue engineering
- endothelial cells
- cell cycle arrest
- cell therapy
- oxidative stress
- stem cells
- single cell
- signaling pathway
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- type diabetes
- bone mineral density
- bone marrow
- metabolic syndrome
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- cell death
- soft tissue
- adipose tissue
- cell proliferation