Hemocompatible Functionalized Hydrogen Substituted Graphdiyne Based Highly Durable Biosensor for Liver Cancer Detection.

Present work focuses on the development of a highly durable biosensor for liver cancer (LC) biomarker (Annexin A2; ANXA2) detection. In this work, we have modified hydrogen substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) using an organofunctional silane [3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)], leveraging the opposite surface polarities on HsGDY and APTES to fabricate a highly hemocompatible functionalized nanomaterial matrix. The high hemocompatibility of APTES functionalized HsGDY (APTES/HsGDY) allows long-term stabilized immobilization of antibodies in their native state, hence increasing the durability of the biosensor. The biosensor was fabricated using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of APTES/HsGDY onto an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate at 40% lower DC potential than nonfunctionalized HsGDY with successive immobilization of monoclonal antibodies of ANXA2 (anti-ANXA2) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The synthesized nanomaterials and fabricated electrodes were investigated using a zetasizer and spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry) techniques. The developed immunosensor (BSA/anti-ANXA2/APTES/HsGDY/ITO) could detect ANXA2 in a linear detection range from 100 fg mL -1 to 100 ng mL -1 with a lower detection limit of 100 fg mL -1 . The biosensor demonstrated excellent storage stability of 63 days along with high accuracy toward detection of ANXA2 in serum samples of LC patients as validated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.