Bacterial biofilm formation on vaginal ring pessaries used for pelvic organ prolapse.
Felicity G GouldMarcus P CareyErica L PlummerGerald L MurrayJennifer A DanielewskiSepehr N TabriziSuzanne M GarlandPublished in: International urogynecology journal (2021)
Lactobacillus-deficient biofilms commonly form on pessaries following long-term use. However, the contribution of biofilm phenotype to symptoms and clinical signs remains to be determined.