Smart 3D Printed Hydrogel Skin Wound Bandages: A Review.

Wounds are a major health concern affecting the lives of millions of people. Some wounds may pass a threshold diameter to become unrecoverable by themselves. These wounds become chronic and may even lead to mortality. Recently, 3D printing technology, in association with biocompatible hydrogels, has emerged as a promising platform for developing smart wound dressings, overcoming several challenges. 3D printed wound dressings can be loaded with a variety of items, such as antibiotics, antibacterial nanoparticles, and other drugs that can accelerate wound healing rate. 3D printing is computerized, allowing each level of the printed part to be fully controlled in situ to produce the dressings desired. In this review, recent developments in hydrogel-based wound dressings made using 3D printing are covered. The most common biosensors integrated with 3D printed hydrogels for wound dressing applications are comprehensively discussed. Fundamental challenges for 3D printing and future prospects are highlighted. Additionally, some related nanomaterial-based hydrogels are recommended for future consideration.