Later Onset Focal Epilepsy with Roots in Childhood: Evidence from Early Learning Difficulty and Brain Volumes in the Human Epilepsy Project.

This study shows lower brain tissue volume to intracranial volume in people with newly treated focal epilepsy and learning difficulties, suggesting developmental factors are an important marker of brain pathology related to neuroanatomical changes in focal epilepsy. Like the general population, there were also independent associations between brain volume, age, and sex in the study population.